Medical ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Clinical morals - Essay Example significant type of commission guardians) may likewise be the victims of misuse (Laura M. Purdy). Moreover, it is contended that there are top notch purposes behind thinking about that business surrogacy is much of the time exploitative. However, regardless of whether we accept this, the misuse squabble for keeping out (or if not administratively disillusioning) business surrogacy extras very feeble. One significant reason for this is boycott may well reverse discharge and lead to potential proxies doing extra things that are progressively exploitative as well as extra harming than paid surrogacy. Presumably, it is done with the goal that the individuals who contradict abuse should (as opposed to endeavoring to cease demanding practices like business surrogacy) center around: (an) adapting the conditions underneath which paid substitutes work; and (b) changing the background conditions (in demanding, the lopsided appropriation of influence and riches) which make exploitative relations (Laura M. Purdy). The term independence is resultant from the Greek automobiles, which implies self and from the term migrants meaning standard, administration or law. To be self-ruling is to act naturally decided and to be in charge of ones life. With respect to wellbeing check care, being self-ruling alludes to one creation a choice concerning individual clinical consideration issues for their self. Self-rule centers around regarding the capacity of an individual to settle on social insurance choices all alone. It is considerably more multifaceted than thinking about who is in control or who knows best the genuine issue is which of the fundamental moral principals hold advantage in some random circumstance. clinical paternalism prompts the weight of coercive life-dragging out measures in a way oblivious to the patient; and it put off kicking the bucket patients and their families from enduring the contacting and monetary difficulties brought about by the continuation of edgy clinical and specialized intercession; (Dialog.

Wireless Technology

Remote Technology Paper Stephen Wenclewicz, Ronda Wilson, Matthew Tiemens, Sheleada Wells, Annabelle Franklin DeVry University Tech, Society and Culture LAS432 Professor Laurence Hornibrook Table of Contents Introduction to Wireless Technology4 Overview of Wireless Technology5 Science that Drove Wireless Development 6 Signal Types10 Wireless Network Infrastructure12 History of Wireless Technology15 Social Factors that Drove Wireless Technology19 Wireless Technology Timeline24 Political Effects on Development28 Legal Issues Related to Wireless Technology30Legal Concerns Related to the Development of Wireless Technology31 Economics in Relation to Wireless Technology33 Psychological contemplations and sociological effects43 Personal Communication43 Emotional Disconnect45 Worldly Effects 50 Media Influence51 Impact on Education52 Impact on USA54 Environmental Implications55 Implications for Wireless Technology56 Wireless Waste56 Analysis59 Health Concerns59 Moral and Ethical Implications 61 Conclusion64 Works Cited67 Introduction to Wireless Technology (Wenclewicz) You just stirred and peered out your window, and amazingly, your vehicle is secured with 5 creeps of snow.You need to leave for work in a short time however you despite everything need to scrub down and prepare things for your day. You don't have the additional opportunity to head outside and warm your vehicle up before you leave, however you have remote beginning and with only a tick of a catch, you can begin your vehicle while you are preparing. This is only one of the numerous things that we may underestimate that remote innovation has given to us on the planet today. Remote innovation is an innovation that has changed the world and how it operates.Wireless innovation is the capacity to convey between gadgets without wires. Remote innovation is found in numerous gadgets extending from mobile phones, PCs, GPS units and house cautions. Through the progressions in our innovation, it has gotten less regula r to work without this innovation. Remote innovation gives the capacity to move data between focuses without an electrical conduit interfacing them. Remote innovation has given us the capacity to have long range correspondences that would not ordinarily occur if wires were needed.It is critical to comprehend that remote innovation expands the odds for individuals to take your data. So having a superior comprehension of the different kinds of remote security will expand your capacity to appreciate this innovation with constrained dread. The issue that there is no wire for individuals to get to provides a more noteworthy possibility for security issues. At the point when you are working on a remote system, your correspondence can be checked by any individual who is in the zone. Another issue is constraining access to your system by just permitting certain individuals seeing capacity over the remote connection.Being ready to restrain the individuals who approach your data over remote i s harder than restricting access to the individuals who are genuinely joined to a turned point on the system. Before the finish of this paper, you will have a superior understanding the general history of remote innovation not just how it changed the world, as we probably am aware it today, yet in addition further, how remote innovation has influenced Germany. You will have a superior comprehension of how remote innovation has helped the German economy just as how it has prompted political power.Germany has made a lot of progression as a nation in remote innovation and due to remote innovation; they have developed themselves as a country. Diagram of Wireless Technology (Wenclewicz) Wireless innovation is the same old thing to us, what we look like at it is what is unique. Glancing back at the early occasions of man there have been a wide range of types of remote correspondences that have occurred. Numerous clans utilized drums as a type of correspondence, the message would be sent b y pounding on drums. This sound would just travel a short separation so its adequacy was very limited.A way that the clans defeated this issue was by setting up various focuses and every drummer would recognize the sender’s message by a progression of thumps on the drum. After the message was affirmed gotten then the message would be sent to the following beneficiary. In the hours of the American Indians, the clans would utilize smoke flags as a type of remote correspondence. The drawback to this type of correspondence was the restricted separation dependent on view. Because of a constrained letters in order and the issues, that the breeze causes would expand the odds that the correspondence would be lost or misinterpreted.Soon followed was the presentation of the semaphore banner. The semaphore banner framework is one used to pass on data a ways off by utilizing signals with banners, paddles or gloved hands. The drawback to this type of remote correspondence is that it is co nstrained to view also, and that since this needed to occur in the open the odds of your message being taken is expanded. Science that Drove Wireless Development (Wenclewicz) â€Å"In the nineteenth century, light pillars were utilized for short-pull correspondences, especially in military contexts.Very itemized messages could be transmitted by a coded succession (Morse code) of flickering lights from sender to recipient. Once more, this was powerful over constrained separations and given a calm, yet obvious methods for correspondence. Disadvantages included constrained separation, unapproved gathering of data because of perceivability at different edges, and danger of capture. Security was consistently dubious, so a type of alphabetic encryption was presented as a defend. This necessary an ever-changing code set, alongside uncommon dealing with and additional opportunity to physically decode the transmitted message.Furthermore, the figure code must be kept current at all areas to accomplish accuracy. † (Denham, 2009) Wireless innovation has been followed back as ahead of schedule as the 1800’s. Remote innovation came about as a result of numerous people who all had one regular capacity and that was the capacity to break new ground. A man by the name of James Clerk Maxwell found the study of electromagnetism. Electromagnetism is the collaboration of positive and negative charges that have met up and directed by one power. There are four primary impacts coming about because of these connections, all of which have been plainly shown by tests: 1. Electric charges draw in or repulse each other with a power contrarily corresponding to the square of the separation between them: not at all like charges pull in, similar to ones repulse. 2. Attractive posts (or conditions of polarization at singular focuses) pull in or repulse each other along these lines and consistently come two by two: each North Pole is burdened to a South Pole. 3. An electric flow in a wire makes a roundabout attractive field around the wire, its course (clockwise or counter-clockwise) contingent upon that of the flow. . A current is incited in a circle of wire when it is moved towards or away from an attractive field, or a magnet is moved towards or away from it, the course of current relying upon that of the development. â€Å" (Article Alley, 2008) During this time, the Heinrich Hertz who was a German physicist who encouraged explained and developed the investigations from James Clerk Maxwell. By accomplishing more tests, Heinrich Hertz helped advance the utilization of radio waves and recieving wires. The greatest revelation that Heinrich Hertz had occurred over a 2-year length from 1886-1888.It was during this time he had the option to demonstrate that electrical vitality could be transmitted at the speed of light as electromagnetic waves. Perhaps the greatest result from this finding was his capacity to discover that these waves could be captivated, refr acted and reflected which is like light. Hertz utilized an end-stacked half-wave dipole as the transmitting recieving wire and a thunderous half-wave getting circle working at a frequency of 8 meters to create what is known as short radio waves. He centered the waves with a reflector and indicated their quality by methods for flashes in the wire circle hole that was a couple of meters away.It was Hertz’ tests combined with Guglielmo Marconi’s developments, which lead to the introduction of remote innovation. During this time, Marconi had the option to transmit signals without wires for a separation of more than 1 mile. It was not long after this achievement that Marconi was allowed the primary patent in 1896 for remote telecommunication. It was in 1897 that the main remote organization Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Company Limited was shaped. During this time, Russian Professor Alexander Popov was attempting to make a tempest indicator, and keeping in mind that d oing this he unearth a gadget that could get radio waves.His development permitted mariners to convey correspondence to station ashore, which lead to the principal utilization of radio correspondence to date. â€Å"Nathan Stubblefield, broadly accepted to be the designer of the remote phone gadget over a century back, was an unconventional melon rancher who worked in detachment from his horse shelter in the lower regions of Kentucky. He portrayed himself as a â€Å"practical rancher, natural product producer and circuit tester. † His companions portrayed him as plain and unassuming in his way, yet clandestine. The main individual he trusted was his 14-year-old child and partner, Bernard.Stubblefield’s gadget apparently worked by sound recurrence enlistment. It was made out of an arrangement of wires suspended between metal poles, with the transmitter set on a train carriage or vessel. At the point when a vehicle or vessel approached, a sign was sent through the air to the phone utilizing attractive fields. It could be heard at the opposite finish of the wire through another telephone. † (Denham, 2009). Signal Types (Wenclewicz) It was in the twentieth Century that the transmitting radio wire was built up. By utilizing this gadget, it demonstrated that a transmission of a message could be sent to and fro wh

Toy Story Hack!

Toy Story Hack! On November 22, 1995, the first Toy Story  was released, becoming the worlds first fully computer-generated full-length feature film (source). This year,  fans all over the world celebrated the movies 20th Anniversary. So did students at MIT. On November 22, 2015, a Toy Story  installation appeared on the bridge between buildings 56 and 18. For three days, it brought smiles to all those who passed by. To share the happiness, here are some photographs of the hack on a sunny autumn day. (also below is a chronology of other awesome hacks from fall 2015)   The MIT hackers have been busy this semester! Heres a timeline of Fall 2015 Hacks @ MIT (with links to images): 12/3: Swinging Piñatas 11/22: Up the Movie 11/22: Toy Story 20th Anniversary 11/14: French Flag Projected on the Dome 11/10: Fallout 4 Release 11/1: Hogwarts Institute of Technology 10/26: MIT Zoo 10/21: Hack to the Future 10/12: New Bexley 9/18: #IStandwithAhmed Clock 9/4: Hackapult What are some of your favorite hacks? (Happy Friday! Seen today on a chalkboard in Stata Center)

Why Macbeth is a Tragic Hero - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 804 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Macbeth Essay Did you like this example? A tragic hero is a person with a high social status, somebody who has a secret weakness that could eventually lead to a downfall, and when the characters life faces a downfall with courage and dignity. Generally, a tragic hero is a grievous legend that is seen as a respectable character. To go moreover, the character Macbeth happens to consist of these traits. With this in mind, I assert that Macbeth is, in fact, a tragic hero. To begin with, Macbeth was born into a noble family. After all, he was King Duncan’s cousin. But, more importantly he was a Scottish general that served under the king. In Act 1, scene 2, Macbeth led King Duncan’s forces in to battle. Macbeth had killed Macdonwald which led their troop into victory (Shakespeare). More into scene 2, his defeat stood out to King Duncan and he granted Macbeth nobility (Shakespeare). For Macbeths loyalty to King Duncan, he was awarded to be Thane of Cawdor (Shakespeare). He was previously the Thane of Glamis; but, was practically promoted, causing his status to increase. To put into other words, Macbeth was already considered a valiant and worthy general and Duncan was astonished by his bravery, leadership, and successfulness in battle. So, King Duncan decided to ascent him into Thane of Cawdor; which, was a big deal since that position held a great amount of power. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why Macbeth is a Tragic Hero" essay for you Create order Subsequently, Macbeth had his flaws. His biggest weakness that stood out was his strong ambition. Although, it may not seem like a weakness; but it unravels a dark side to Macbeth. In scene 3, one of the witches told Macbeth that he will soon become king (Shakespeare). Macbeth believed it since the witches had predicted that he would become a thane earlier on in the play. Anyways, Macbeths aspiration and wanting to be top dog, is more essential to him than everything else is throughout his everyday life. He will surrender everything that he has throughout to have the opportunity to sit on the position of authority. For example, in Act 1, scene 7, Lady Macbeth is trying to convince Macbeth to kill Duncan, but he is very hesitant about it because he has no reason to do so (Shakespeare). Yet, this was the start to his strong desire of power. After he went through the murder of Duncan and was awarded King of Scotland (Shakespeare), he slowly regained his conscience after a rough patch an d acknowledged his strength and power. Macbeth then became fearful of his position and would do anything to stay as king, so he started to kill any potential candidates that could take that power from him. Another example would be in Act 3, scene 3, Macbeth became worried that Banquo was a threat to the throne so, he ordered three people to murder Banquo to be safe (Shakespeare). Overall, Macbeth’s heavy ambition caused him to kill for power and to soon feed off of fear in order to become more indomitable. As a final point, Macbeth faced a large downfall with courage and dignity. Towards the end in Act 5, Malcolm starts a battle against Macbeth in Dunsinane (Shakespeare). This battle was the main decline of Macbeths power. Although, Macbeth understands that he will die but he refuses to commit suicide (Shakespeare). He claims he would rather fight until the end. On the battlefield, he encounters Young Siward and faces off with him, eventually Macbeth kills Young Siward (Shakespeare), leading him to regain courage. Later on, Malcolm came across Macbeth determined to kill him. So, Malcolm and Macbeth commence to a match. Malcolm brutally kills Macbeth, ending the battle and Malcom gaining the title of king. This is to say, he fought with dignity until his faith came to an end. However, Macbeth does not draw any sympathy from the audience by claiming he doesn’t have time to mourn over his wife, Lady Macbeth’s death in Act 5, scene 5 (Shakespeare). Also, all the deaths like the servants he killed for his cover up, for the murder of Duncan. He insisted they were all just a part of his life. Yet, that sympathy within Macbeth varies from time. For example, when Macbeth hesitated on killing Duncan because Duncan has done nothing wrong to him and that was his cousin. He felt as if it was wrong and he wouldn’t deserve to be king after committing that crime. To conclude, Macbeth is a tragic hero by being born into a royal family, having a tragic flaw that he didn’t acknowledge was a problem, and he faced a downfall with courage. Overall, he fits the standards of being an unfortunate hero based on Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. Even though all the obstacles he has come a crossed, he held on to his sense of direction to reach the goal of being king.

The Effects Of Rates Of Immigrants On The Rate Of Uninsured

Subjects This study aims to correlate the effect of rate of immigrants on the rate of uninsured in a state. For this purpose, compilation of data was carried out from Migration Policy Institute a not for profit organization that collects data on migration, to analyze movement of people across worldwide. The data for comparison is from Kaiser Family Foundation, under state health facts, health indicators, and uninsured indicators, titled health insurance coverage of total population. Further, for the comparison study, two groups of 15 states each are used, one group of 15 with highest number of immigrants and the other with lowest number of immigrants. Instruments Data used in this study is from a previously prepared collection for a different study and hence does not require any instruments. Use of Microsoft Excel and graphpad, an online software, helped in calculating the results and analyzing the data. Design and Procedure This study is casual comparative and hence uses two groups based on same independent variable and compared with a dependent variable. The present study’s independent variable is the rate of immigrants per state, with high rate of immigrants as one data group, low rate of immigrants as the other group and, the dependent variable is the rate of uninsured for the states in the two groups. The data is general and considers the entire population and not uninsured alone, but it could still be used since; the study aimsShow MoreRelatedThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1089 Words   |  5 Pages2014,there has been a steady decline in the uninsured population of the United States of America. The number of Americans with health insurance, has reached a historic peak. According to recent data from the Census Bureau about health insurance coverage, the number of uninsured Americans fell from 33 million the year prior to ACA implementation to 29 million in 2014.The total uninsured rate dropped by more than 4 percent since the health care law took effect. The ACA has significantly reduced the numberRead MoreUninsured Americans And The Health Care Crisis1344 Words   |  6 PagesUninsured Americans; The effects it has on the Health Care Crisis Imagine a life without health care insurance. The daily struggles of keeping up with your personal health, but always afraid of what the cost would be to see the doctor. This may be a reality for many citizens in the United States. One aspect of the Health Care Crisis in America has to deal with those who are currently uninsured. This paper will discuss who is categized as uninsured, why people are uninsured, what the Affordable CareRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Extended Healthcare Coverage1111 Words   |  5 Pagesmillions of formerly uninsured individuals by expanding eligibility of Medicaid and the formation of Health Insurance Marketplaces. The ACA also included reforms to assist individuals sustain coverage and have the availability of affordable and accessible private healthcare insurance. Analysis from 2014 and early 2015 and have shown significant increases in public and private healthcare insurance coverage and have attributed the remarkable decreases of the rate s of uninsured individuals from marketplaceRead MoreThe Effects Of Undocumented Immigrants In America1321 Words   |  6 PagesFlorida has historically had one of the highest uninsured rates in the country (Born 2017). Despite the fact that Florida has not expanded its Medicaid program, Floridians have gained insurance coverage at greater rates than many other states. One estimate is that prior to the enactment of the ACA, approximately 21% of Florida residents lacked health insurance, and this has dropped to 13% after the ACA took effect. (Williams, 2016). Other estimates have suggested a smaller decrease of 20% to 15%Read MoreHealth Issues Of Health Care1694 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States, there are many that are unable to access health services and receive care. The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured reports that there were 32 million uninsured Americans in 2014 (Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (KJJ), 2015). The uninsured are often cited as a measure of those who lack access to health services because of the effect is similar. Those without insurance coverage often go without needed medical care and are less likely to receive preventative care (KJJRead MoreThe Legalization Of Legalizing Immigration Reform1488 Words   |  6 Pageshowever. why the presence of illegal immigrants is still apparent within the country s boundaries if everyone on this territory is equal to one another. According to the Pew Hispanic Center, the number of illegal immigrants in the United States was estimated at 11.5 million in 2011. The population of these illegal immigrants flourished by 27% between 2000 and 2009, as stated by the Department of Homeland Security. With the growing rate of undocumented immigrants, is the government taking action toRea d MoreUnlawful Immigration Has Been A Generally Examined Topic1195 Words   |  5 Pagesthat immigrants are important as they take the employments Americans don t wish to take, and that they later ought to be offered authorization to remain in the nation. Others nonetheless, are of the sentiment that they ought to be extremely punished seeing as what they are doing is illicit, arguing that the illegal workers are taking endlessly occupations from Americans and not paying their duties. In spite of the fact that there are arguments supporting the claim that undocumented immigrants oughtRead MoreA Key Goal Of The Affordable Care Act Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesAffordable Care Act (ACA) was to decrease the number of uninsured individuals, many of whom are in low-income families and are minorities (Kaiser Family Foundation 2016). Under the ACA, immigrants who are in the U.S. legally are eligible for coverage through the health insurance marketplace but undocumented immigrants are no t (HealthCare.gov) even when using their own money to purchase. There are estimates of 11.1 million undocumented immigrants in the country as of 2014 (Krogstad, Passel, Cohn 2016)Read MoreThis Brief Essay Studied The Uninsured And The Health Care1602 Words   |  7 Pagesessay studied the uninsured and the health care disparities they face. Essential Affordable Care Act provisions and their effects were studied. Critical factors affecting the health care of the uninsured were identified; these included race, ethnicity, income, socioeconomic status, culture, language and income. Several research studies concluded that while access to health care has improved, the quality of this care has not improved for the uninsured. Although the number of uninsured has been reducedRead MoreEssay on The Problems of Illegal Immigration927 Words   |  4 Pagesimmigration law that prohibited the entry of immigrants. This law dealt with immigrants from China and Japan only, but eventually as years went on, laws formed against many other individuals. A recent law that was passed was in the state of Arizona, which is the SB1070 Immigration Bill. This law gives the right for state police to perform checks if they feel suspicious that an individual is an illegal immigrant (Talamazan). Today most of the immigrants migrate from the country of Mexico as well as

Morning After Pill Free Essays

Morning after-pill (MAP) or plan B is an emergency pill that stops a woman from becoming pregnant if contraception failed or wasn’t used. The morning after pill works best if taken within 24 hours of unprotected sex. Medics argue that plan B’s efficacy is up 70% and its effectiveness up to 72 hours there after its efficacy is not known. We will write a custom essay sample on Morning After Pill or any similar topic only for you Order Now (http://www.netdoctor.co.k/whoisd.html). It is noteworthy that the earlier it’s taken the better. Examples of medicine currently used include levonelle one step in UK and postinor2 in most Africa states. The pills contain a female-type hormone such as levorgestrel. Other names used to refer to MAP include post-coital pill (PCP) and emergency contraceptive (EC)-emergency because it is not used under normal circumstances and has stricter conditions under which they can be used for instance, the postinor2 mostly used in Africa states can only be used once within every menstrual cycle. Remember MAP cannot work if one is already pregnant and therefore it is not an abortion-causing drug. MAP works in two possible ways; preventing ovaries from releasing egg or altering the lining of the womb so a fertilized egg wont be implanted. I want to argue that MAP must be made readily available to interested consumers. Let us first consider the categories of people who use it and their circumstances. 1) Rape victims A lady may be raped during her fertile days such unplanned and unprotected sex may result in unwanted pregnancy. An instance such as this justifies the use of MAP. MAP would help prevent pregnancy, which may alleviate the possibility of abortion (as the one raped may opt for it), and the humiliation a child who is as a result of rape may face from parent(s). 2) Women who have been lured into sex while under the influence of emotional whims or drugs. Women under such influence of drug and alcohol may find themselves having unprotected sex. Men may want to take advantage of them. Once such women regain sobriety, MAP may be handy in preventing anxiety and pregnancy. Everyone will agree that at some point in their life, at least every woman, because of circumstances such as the ones we have, may lose their sobriety. Isn’t it kind of medics for providing such women an alternative and possibility for preventing unwanted pregnancy? 3) Lovers or a couple may suffer condom burst/breakage. If this happens, without MAP there would be no other easy way of preventing pregnancy. The fact that such people were using a condom implies that they never wanted conception to occur. Isn’t MAP a relief to most couples? I will reiterate that MAP does not induce abortion and therefore Christians opposed to abortion and other pro-life activists have no reason to be indifferent. As a matter of fact, they should advocate for it as it has come in to reduce cases of abortion emanating from rape, condom burst and unplanned sexual intercourse. When these happen, MAP provides the consolation that, ‘its not too late, there is plan B’. With advancement in the medical field unlike the older MAP, today’s pills cause very little side-effects. Statistics show that one woman in every 60 actually vomits. Other mild side effects include tummy ache, breast tenderness, dizziness and vaginal spotting of blood. These side effects are less severe as compared with the risks of not using MAP. Critics of MAP feel there is no need for one to subject themselves to such side effects but the risks in not using it may be too heavy to bear. MAP can be used by a greater percentage of women apart from for instance those with porphyria and severe liver problems. Having explored MAP, we should be right to state that access to it must be made easy. Local pharmacists should be allowed to stock it and allow clients to buy it without necessarily needing a doctor’s prescription. (American Medical Association, 2006; Ellertson, Trussell, Stewart Winikoff, 1998).  Ã‚   After all, the side effects are not problematic are again most ladies are knowledgeable of how to use it and for what purposes. Although others feel this may prompt its abuse but we can argue that Pharmacists can chat with client quickly about it to know whether they understand its appropriate use and the side effects. It’s encouraging to learn that in America, an over-the-counter sale of the ‘morning after’ contraceptive pill to those over 18 has been approved. Abortion rights advocates hailed this although many bemoaned the age restrict.   â€Å"We are pleased that a common sense common-ground agenda for reducing unintended pregnancy and the need for abortion finally won out.† Said Kinsten Moore, President of the reproductive health technology project, Washington. (www.nytimes.com/2006/08/24/health/24cnd-pill.htm) Anti-abortion groups feel plan B is an abortion pill whose widespread availability would lead to increased STD. Other abortion rights pushed for over-the-counter availability of plan B arguing that its availability would sharply reduce the newly 1 million abortions performed annually in USA but this may not be true as studies suggest that in the USA, couples have so much unprotected sex. â€Å"EC don’t work if are kept in the draw† and studies show that even if women have pills on hand, the drawer is where they remain.† Says Dr James Trussell, Princeton University. But Dr Raines says, â€Å"Unintended pregnancy rates have been dropping over the last decade. Plan B will contribute to further decline. (www.nytimes.com/2006/08/24/health/24cnd-pill.htm) The term morning –after pill is inmost cases misleading in its effectiveness. It’s Not 100% and only works up to 70%. Therefore some women have unprotected sex hoping to use MAP but unfortunately they end up becoming pregnant and this may lead to abortion or disorient one’s family plan.   Some women are opposed to it because it doesn’t protect them from pregnancy for the rest of their menstrual cycle. It therefore compels them to abstain from sex or use a barrier method like a condom. Again, it is believed that MAP is not good at protecting ectopic pregnancy (EP) (Stewart and Van Look, 1998 P142). Incase it causes EP, then the repercussions quite expensive and ladies who know what having an ectopic pregnancy tend to oppose MAP. However, as per now EP caused by MAP would be just like any other accident and so far medical researchers haven’t linked MAP directly to EP unless research proves it. We should not jump into conclusion. Again no research has shown any increase in abnormities among babies whose mothers took MAP. Some people argue against MAP on the basing that past experience does show that other hormones taken in early pregnancy have harmed children. But instead of using assumptions, focused studies should be done to establish the connection between MAP and babies’ abnormalities and EP. Otherwise, we will not have a firm ground to stand and argue that simply because other hormones have caused abnormalities, MAP too causes it. It may be an exception The intra-uterine device (IUDS)/the coil is an alternative for MAP. Unfortunately only few medical specialists are trained in fitting them efficiently. Again the intra-uterine device may make one anemic because of the volume and length of menstrual flow. Insertion is difficult and painful for women and has more restrictions, which include heart value problems, previous EP and pelvic infection. (Bucar, 1999). This makes MAP to remain the most appropriate and least expensive. So opposing its use and making it difficult to access only makes it strenuous for women. I believe every one should be in control of their life. A medicine such as MAP gives women more means to control and plan for their lives. Arguing against MAP is like arguing that family planning should be done away with to allow chance and nature to rein it an arena that it otherwise shouldn’t. In conclusion, the current price range of $25-$40 should be lowered and possibly subsidized by the federal governments. Arrangements should be made and possibilities explored on providing emergency contraception for free like its done in some parts of the UK. Youth advisory clinics, family planning clinics, college health centers, STD clinics and walk-in clinics must seek to stock and make readily available MAP at a lowest cost possible. Work cited 1. American Medical Association, Council on Medical Service. Access to Emergency Contraception [H-75.985] Chicago, IL: AMA, 2006; 2. Bucar, L. Caution: Catholic Health Restrictions May Be Hazardous to Your Health . Washington, DC: Catholics for a Free Choice, 1999. 3. Devin, D. Contraceptive coils (IUDS) http://www.netdoctor.co.k/whoisd.html Accessed online on 24 November 2007 1:50:42 GMT. 4. Ellertson, C., Trussell, J., Stewart F.H, Winikoff, B. Should emergency contraceptive pills be available without a prescription? Journal of the America Medical Women’s Association. 1998; 53 (5, Supplement 2): 226-229. 5. Gardiner Harris, 24thAug 2006.In New York Times. http://www.nytims.com/2006/08/24/heath/24end-pill.html. Accessed online on 23rd, Nov. 2007 6. Stewart F, Van Look P.F.A. Emergency contraception: Contraceptive Technology .17th revised edition. New York: Irvington, 1998. How to cite Morning After Pill, Essay examples

Policing history free essay sample

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the historical development of the police and it’s importance. Also the local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies under the jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security and their purpose. Lastly, we touch on the Issues Facing the Police Departments of today. Police agencies, whether it’s local state, or federal are expected to put the safety of all individuals regardless of their jurisdiction first at all cost. The Historical Development of the Police Department originated in London, England. It was a major component of the criminal justice system during the 18th Century Era under the English leaders. The citizens were responsible for their own safety and community. There was no training involved or pay for any services provided. During the 1840’s The Metropolitan America, focused on crime prevention verses post-crime detection and punishment. At that time officers were starting to get paid for their duties and 24 -hour services were provided. We will write a custom essay sample on Policing history or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Frontier America Businessmen hired private security in efforts of reducing violence, theft and protecting their personal property. Bounty hunters, Vigilantes, self -proclaimed posses served as informal law enforcement in territories and Indian land (â€Å"Cji Interactive†,n. d. ). In the 1920’s Professionalism, policing focused more on law enforcement and crime control. While the social service elements were reduced and the political connections were rejected. Civil service systems were eliminated and police work became standardized, with specialized areas like juvenile and drug units (â€Å"Cji Interactive†,n. d. ). There are many different types of policing organizations in the United States and they all have different roles and functions at the state, local, and federal level. Federal employees roles differ because they are able to make an arrest in any state or county with no jurisdictions like the FBI, DEA, and Homeland security are some of the federal agencies. The Department of homeland security interacts with local, state, and federal enforcement agencies by the developing, gathering, accessing, receiving, and sharing of information. But, they are not required, to provide basic services of protection and criminal investigation (Walker and Katz, 2008,pg76). State employees such as, State troopers, Highway Patrol officers are not able to make any arrest outside of their state jurisdictions. The duties of the two departments consist of patrolling a specific area, conducting investigations, and enforcing traffic laws on highways. The state police are much like local police except their jurisdiction is much larger and they are broken up into specialized units, such as, investigative, aviation, and tactical units. Where the highway patrol officers mainly enforce traffic laws on the states roads such as, DUI’s, drug trafficking, and traffic accidents. Local employees such as Police, county Sheriffs are not allowed to make any arrest outside of their city or county jurisdiction. Local police officers are responsible for providing safety within the communities, providing information to the public, conducting investigations, patrolling the streets, and preventing crimes. â€Å"The main functions of patrol are the prevention and repression of criminal, the maintenance of the peace, and the protection of life and property† (Iannone, 1975 p5). In any American community with a police department, the patrol officer would be primarily responsible for the previously listed functions. Astoundingly the patrolman serves one of the most important roles in law enforcement. Even though a patrolman is at the bottom of the chain of command his duty is of great significance. Today’s issues in the police departments are the rise in crimes because of lack of jobs, bad cops with in the force, being understaffed, lack of trust among the public, and most of all the political involvement in the criminal justice system. If those particular issues are faced head on and solved accordingly, I truly feel things will improve for the better. There should be a more serious screening of the hiring process and if bad cops are found than they should be prosecuted. Increase of pay for policemen would most likely attract more good honest people for employment and that would help in the unstaffed issue. Continue to solve more cases effectively by arresting the right criminal the first time around saving tax payer money and increasing the faith back into our policeman of today. In conclusion, the historical development of our policing has changed tremendously. We have not quite mastered every aspect of the system and all its capabilities but we have created some important roles within our government. With the change of times so will the ways of policing and jurisdictions limits change. Later, we should see a lift in some areas of jurisdictions allowing local and state governing bodies to provide the additional support needed to prevent crimes and solve cases in more timely fashion. Importantly with our world changing more every day with technology and computers, one cant help but think of the changes to come as anything else but positive.